The term ʼWhite South African Englishʼ is applied to the first language varieties of English spoken by White South Africans, with the L1 English varieties spoken by Zimbabweans and Namibians, mainly of British descent, being recognised as offshoots. There is some social and regional variation within the variety. Social variation can be classified into three groupings: Cultivated, closely approximating RP and associated with upper class; General, a social indicator of the middle class, and Broad, associated with working class and/or Afrikaans descent, and closely approximating the second-language Afrikaans English variety.